Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms Essay

For an individual, it must be treated as a continuous process that should not end when graduation rites in each particular level of schooling are being held. True education is life, it must always be a part of our daily living, whether through formal or informal means. Educational systems in general, and educational curriculum in particular, also need not to be static. The curriculum should respond to the demands of a fast-changing society. To some extent, it should also be global or internationally-aligned. These are the reasons why foreign and local educational educators in the past and until now have been introducing educational reforms and innovations. They have been searching means to address the problems being met in the implementation of a certain curriculums and to ensure the total development of every learner. I. The Past Movements for Social Change in the School System Social change affects education. Centuries ago, pioneers of education have sought to introduce renewal in education. Their ideas were far ahead than the actual renewal that took place later on. Among them were Commenius, Condorcet, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Dewey, Drecoly, Montessori and Freinet. 1. Johann Amos Commenius -â€Å"Father of Modern Education† Most permanent educational influences: a. practical educational work Comenius was first a teacher and an organizer of schools, not only among his own people, but later in Sweden, and to a slight extent in Holland. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he outlined a system of schools that is the exact counterpart of the existing American system of kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, college, and university. Didactica Magna is an educational treatise which aimed to seek and find a method of instruction by which teachers may teach less but learners may learn more, by which the school may be the scene of less noise, aversion, and useless labor, but of more leisure, enjoyment and solid progress; and through which the Christian community may have less darkness, perplexity (confusion) and dissension (disagreement), but on the other hand, more light, orderliness, peace and rest. b. formulating the general theory of education In this respect he is the forerunner of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, etc. and is the first to formulate that idea of â€Å"education according to nature† so influential during the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century. c. the subject matter and method of education -exerted through a series of textbooks of an entirely new nature His published works: Janua Linguarum Reserata (The Gateway of Language Unlocked) – contained his c onviction (certainty) that one of the prerequisites for effective educational reform was a fundamental change in language of instruction. Orbis Pictus (The World of Sensible Things Pictured) – contributed to the development of the principles of audio-visual interaction. It was the first successful applications of illustrations to the work of teaching, but not the first illustrated book for children. Schola Ludus (School as Play) – a detailed exposition of the doctrine that all learning should be made interesting, dramatic and stimulating. These texts were all based on the same fundamental ideas: (1) learning foreign languages through the vernacular; (2) obtaining ideas through objects rather than words; (3) starting with objects most familiar to the child to introduce him to both the new language and the more remote world of objects: (4) giving the child a comprehensive knowledge of his environment, physical and social, as well as instruction in religious, moral, and classical subjects; (5) making this acquisition of a compendium of knowledge a pleasure rather than a task; and (6) making instruction universal. He also developed the pansophic scheme, the view that education should take the whole of human knowledge as its universe. For him, truth was indivisible and was to be seen as a whole. Thus by relating each subject to every other subject and to general principles, pansophia was to make the learner capable of wisdom. 2. Marquis De Condorcet Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat took his title Marquis de Condorcet from the town of Condorcet in Dauphine. He advocated that the aims of education were: o cultivate in each generation the physical, intellectual and moral facilities and, thereby contribute to the general and gradual improvement of the human race. He envisioned a national system of public education designed to develop the natural talents of all, making real equality possible. His proposals of the five levels of public instructions areas follows: 1. Elementary- for the teaching of the ‘elements’ of all knowledge (reading, writing, arithmetic, morals, economics and n atural science)and would be compulsory for all four years 2. Secondary school- of three years’ duration, teaching grammar, history and geography, one foreign language, the mechanical arts, law and mathematics. The teaching at this and the first level would be non-specialized. 3. Institutes- responsible for ‘substituting reasoning for eloquence and books for speech, and for bringing philosophy and the physical science methodology into the moral sciences’. The teaching at this level would be more specialized. Pupils would choose their own course of study (at least two courses a year) from among four classes: mathematics and physics, moral and political sciences, science as applied to the arts, and literature and fine arts. 4. Lycee – the equivalent of universities, with the same classes as the institutes and ‘where all the sciences are taught in full. It is there that scholars-teachers receive their further training’. Education at this and the first three levels was to be entirely free of charge. 5. National Society of Science and the Arts – a research institute responsible for supervising the formal education system as a whole and for appointing teachers. Its role would be one of scientific and pedagogical research. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau According to the history of education, he was the first great writer to insist that education should be based upon the nature of the child. Rousseau’s Emile is a kind of half treatise, half novel that tells the life story of a fictional man named Emile. In the history of education, the significant contributions of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi are: 1) his educational philosophy and instructional method that encouraged harmonious intellectual, moral, and physical development Pestalozzi’s most systematic work, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a critique of conventional schooling and a prescription for educational reform. Rejecting corporal punishment, rote memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi envisioned schools that were homelike institutions where teachers actively engaged students in learning by sensory experiences. Such schools were to educate individuals who were well rounded intellectually, morally, and physically. Through engagement in activities, students were to learn useful vocations that complemented their other studies. 2) his methodology of empirical sensory learning, especially through object lessons Pestalozzi designed object lessons in which children, guided by teachers, examined the form (shape), number (quantity and weight) of objects, and named them after direct experience with them. 3) his use of activities, excursions, and nature studies that anticipated Progressive education. He also emphasized the importance of the nature of the child and propounded (advocated) that in the educational process, the child must be thought in relation to the subject matter. He sought to understand the nature of the child and to build his teaching around the natural, progressive and harmonious development of all the powers and capacities. He is an advocate of each man’s right to education and of society’s duty to implement that right and pave the way to universal national education. His motto â€Å"Learning by head, hand and heart† is still a key principle in successful 21st-century schools. 5. Friedrich Froebel The German educator, Friedrich Froebel, was one of these pioneers of early childhood educational reform. Froebel’s educational principles: a) free self-activity As an educator, Froebel believed that stimulating voluntary self-activity in the young child was the necessary form of pre-school education (Watson, 1997a). Self-activity is defined as the development of qualities and skills that make it possible to take an invisible idea and make it a reality; self-activity involves formulating a purpose, planning out that purpose, and then acting on that plan until the purpose is realized (Corbett, 1998a). Corbett suggests that one of Froebel’s significant contributions to early childhood education was his theory of introducing play as a means of engaging children in self-activity for the purpose of externalizing their inner natures. ) creativity Froebel designed a series of instructional materials that he called â€Å"gifts and occupations†, which demonstrated certain relationships and led children in comparison, testing, and creative exploration activities (Watson, 1997b). A gift was an object provided for a child to play with–such as a sphere, cube, or cylinder–which helped the child to understand and internalize the concepts of shape, dimension, size, and their relationships (Staff, 1998). The occupations were items such as aints and clay which the children could use to make what they wished; through the occupations, children externalized the concepts existing within their creative minds (Staff, 1998). Therefore, through the child’s own self-activity and creative imaginative play, the child would begin to understand both the inner and outer properties of things as he moves through the developmental stages of the educational process. c) social participation A third component of Froebel’s educational plan involved working closely with the family unit. Froebel believed that parents provided the first as well as the most consistent educational influence in a child’s life. Since a child’s first educational experiences occur within the family unit, he is already familiar with the home d) motor expression Motor expression, which refers to learning by doing as opposed to following rote instructions, is a very important aspect of Froebel’s educational principles. Froebel did not believe that the child should be placed into society’s mold, but should be allowed to shape his own mold and grow at his own pace through the developmental stages of the educational process. 6. John Dewey He contributed the educational philosophy which maintains that education is life, education is growth and education is a continuous reconstruction of human experiences from the beginning to the end of life. He was the spokes person of progressive education which states that aims have significance only for persons, not for processes such as education, and arise only in response to problematic situations in ongoing activities. Aims are to be viewed as anticipated outcomes of transactions, as intrinsic aspects of the process of problem-solving, and as a motivating force behind the individual’s approach to problem-solving situations. The Progressive Education Association, inspired by Dewey’s ideas, later codified his doctrines as follows: a. The conduct of the pupils shall be governed by themselves, according to the social needs of the community. b. Interest shall be the motive for all work. c. Teachers will inspire a desire for knowledge, and will serve as guides in the investigations undertaken, rather than as task-masters. d. Scientific study of each pupil’s development, physical, mental, social and spiritual, is absolutely essential to the intelligent direction of his development. . Greater attention is paid to the child’s physical needs, with greater use of the out-of-doors. f. Cooperation between school and home will fill all needs of the child’s development such as music, dancing, play and other extra-curricular activities. g. All progressive schools will look upon their work as of the laboratory type, giving freely to the sum of educational knowledge the results of their experi ments in child culture. He believed that education has two sides: the psychological and the social on the same plane. Education must start from the psychological nature of the child as the basis for directing his energies into totally useful channels. Schools must be set up to include bond the individual and social goals. The needs of a new society are to be taken into consideration in modifying methods and curriculum. 7. Ovide Decroly He influenced instruction in the kindergarten, the aim of which was to guide the child’s desire for activity and to give him a sense of discipline and norms for his social behavior (same with Dewey) 8. Maria Montessori Maria Montessori left a long lasting mark on education around the world.

Essay on The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief

The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief Although sometimes the words know and believe are used interchangeably, they are very different. A knower would say â€Å"I know† if it has a higher probability of being more certain that â€Å"I believe†. In this paper, I will explore the types of knowledge, gained through reason, and how they differ with beliefs. One’s beliefs can also be described as one’s personal ideas or faiths, not distinguishable of right and wrong. Beliefs are not certain, and it is†¦show more content†¦If it is the way I strongly feel about something, it has to do with my ethics and the way in which I was brought up. All the beliefs and values that I have make up the person that I am today. If another person were to tell me otherwise, that my beliefs are wrong or even force change upon my beliefs, then I would be assimilated. Everyone’s personal beliefs would be more or less the same and then no individual would be unique anymore. People would lose the ability to think without emotion and beliefs, and thus life would quickly lose its value. Belief has two components – to believe in, which is one’s faith, and to believe that, which is one’s emotions. To believe in yourself wuld be to have faith in yourself. Faith, to believe in, has certain expectations unlike †Å"to believe that†. However, belief and faith are similar in that beliefs are biased, and it allows for individual interpretations. Belief is merely in the mind, it is not a kind of knowledge, but a requirement for knowledge. Belief and knowledge are related in the sense that to believe in something requires the basic knowledge of that something. No ideas or beliefs in our minds can exist without being known. How can you believe in something that you do not even know? If I did not know what snow is, how is it that I can believe that it will snow tomorrow? The more that something is known, the more certain, orShow MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of Knowledge And Knowledge Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is knowledge? Some would say that it is simply â€Å"to know,† but it is much deeper than that. The philosophers of knowledge have developed arguments about the different terms used to explain the term â€Å"knowledge.† As apparent with philosophers, each philosopher has his or her thought about the idea of knowledge where they either agree with some of their fellow philosophers, or criticize their ideas. The knowledge of knowing how and knowing that are different from each other, although th ey show someRead MoreCritical Examination Of Knowledge And Belief1504 Words   |  7 PagesBenefit of Critical Analysis in the Examination of Knowledge and Belief in the Writings of Plato, Kant, Kierkegaard, and Clifford In this philosophy study, an examination of the importance of critical analysis of knowledge (facts) and belief are important features in the writings of Plato, Kant, Kierkegaard, and Clifford. In Socrates view, the fickle nature of beliefs are often misconstrued as being â€Å"knowledge†, which defines the ambiguous barrier between reality and non-reality as a basis for valuesRead MoreEpistemology, By Robert Nozick918 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind knowledge, based of methods, validity, and scope, which is justified by beliefs and opinions. Epistemology is the greek word for knowledge that means why we should hold beliefs. Knowledge is belief that is somewhat of a fact believed without a connection but it must be believable or it will not be considered knowledge. Many people believe that knowledge is based off of only beliefs, but it’s also based off of truth too. You have to combine truth and beliefs into two to create knowledge, givingRead MoreThe Debate Of Knowled ge And Belief1038 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of knowledge and belief has been a subject of investigation and a primary field in philosophical research for centuries. Whether it was Aristotle or Descartes, multiple ideas on knowledge and belief arise, such as the epistemological theories of foundationalism or coherentism, which provide philosophical explanations to this debate. For the sake of this essay, and in my own opinion, knowledge should be distinguished from belief. Everyone is subject to different types of beliefs based on upbringingRead MoreMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pagesprincipals include, activation of schema and confirmatory bias; awareness; group differences; racial and cultural identity development; and multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, The Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, knowledge, and s kills in three specific domains: the counselor’s self-awareness of personal beliefs, attitudes, values, and assumptions; understanding the worldview of theRead MoreRelationship Between Connected Knowing And A Student s Academic Performance946 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this study is to determine the combined relationship between connected knowing (CK), separate knowing (SK), and epistemological beliefs with student’s academic performance. These variables look at understanding how students acquire knowledge and their attitudes towards thinking and learning. As mentioned in the study done by Schommer-Aikins and Easter (2006) this study would provide future benefit to how students are being taught along with how to manage their time while studying.Read MoreTheories Of Pro Environmental Behaviors Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagespro-environmental behaviors do not fully consider how variables that are internal to a person, such as knowledge and beliefs about enviro nmentalism, impact recycling behavior. 2) As university students will be the consumers and leaders of tomorrow, this demographic’s recycling behavior is of particular interest to society. More needs to be known about how their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about environmentalism relate to their recycling behaviors. By doing a cross-culture comparative analysisRead MoreFallibilism and the Justified Deduction Principle1337 Words   |  5 Pagesmay be measured, evaluated, stored, and shared, but does this have the same connotation as knowledge. Even though these two notions are used interchangeably in most cases, it is difficult to see the difference without having sufficient ground for this. How can one state that justified true belief is knowledge? This problem was deeply examined by a German philosopher Edmund Gettier who explained the difference and provided significant evidence for questioning everything, as Descartes did. ExplanationsRead MoreIntercultural Communication in Healthcare Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagesintercultural communication strategy improves these aspects of the health care experience. Gathering knowledge of different cultures and the beliefs, values, and language can be an effective strategy to overcoming cultural diversity and improve intercultural communication. Cultural variation means that people are different from one another. Each person has his or her own set of values, norms, and beliefs. Individuals share these with others from their own culture; however with the vast number of separateRead MoreWhich Is Better, True Belief and Knowledge?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesteachable, it must be knowledge. However, since there are no teachers and students of virtue, virtue must not be taught. So they think that virtue is not knowledge. And then they start the discussion on what is true belief and knowledge. In this essay, I would evaluate Socrates’s explanation on why knowledge is better than mere true belief and the reasons that I agree with Socrates’s proposition. Socrates’s explanation To begin with, Socrates first questions whether true belief is something no less

Flyting - Definition and Examples of Flyting in English

A verbal slanging match: a ritualized form of invective in which insults are exchanged. Its as if a verbal space has been cordoned off, says Ruth Wajnryb. Inside this space a sanctioned kind of swearing can take place . . . where taboos are knowingly and legitimately flouted, providing a linguistic and psychological safety valve for a public letting off of steam (Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language, 2005). Etymology: from the Old English, argue. Examples and Observations: Although the language is often gross, even grotesque and astonishingly scatological, there is also a certain element of play. . . . [Flyting] is the verbal equivalent of virtuoso sword-play. . . .[In the farce] Gammer Gurtons Needle (acted 1566) . . . we find the new idioms of what the devil, how a murrain [plague], go to, Fie shitten knave and out upon thee, the pox, bawdy bitch, that dirty bastard, the whoreson dolt, for Gods sake, thou shitten knave and that dirty shitten lout. The violent altercations between Grandma Gurton and Dame Chat show the closest affiliations to flyting:Gammer​Thou wert as good as kiss my tail,Thou slut, thou cut, thou rakes, thou jakes,[You whore, you jade, you bawd, you shit-house]will not shame make thee hide thee?ChatThou skald, thou bald, thou rotten, thou glutton,[You scold, you hairless thing, you rubbish, you pig]I will no longer chide theeBut I will teach thee to keep home.​(G. Hughes, Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oa ths and Profanity in English. Blackwell, 1991) The Slanging Match in Henry the Fourth Part One Seventeenth-century playwrights regularly provided their audiences with such contests, knowing that they would be well received. There is the well-known exchange in Shakespeares Henry the Fourth Part One (2:iv) between prince Hal and Falstaff. Hal comments on Falstaffs size and weight, calling him: clay braind guts, though knotty-pated fool, thou whoreson, obscene, greasy tallow catch. He also points out that Falstaff is: a bed-presser, a horse-back-breaker, a huge hill of flesh. Falstaff retaliates by remarking on Hals thinness: you starveling, you eel-skin, you dried neats tongue, you bulls pizzle, you stockfish, you tailors yard, you sheath, you bow case, you bile standing tuck.​(Leslie Dunkling, Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address. Routledge, 1990) Playing the Dozens The tradition of ritualized swearing, very much like flyting, continues in a number of places in the modern world. It is perhaps most notable in black American communities, where it is called sounding or signifying or playing the dozens. Variations of this kind of flyting provide social distinctions between in-group and out-group members. But they also act as lyrical cornerstones for much of the anthemic rap (particularly gangsta rap) that defines gang neighbourhoods, including communities of young people from other ethnic backgrounds who admire gang values. . .This style is also called capping and cracking on and is found as well in urban Aboriginal English in Australia.(Ruth Wajnryb, Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language. Free Press, 2005)

Macbeth S Head - 1067 Words

How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? How are the witches portrayed and what influence do they have along the play? In Macbeth, the witches seem to be confusing figures. They are portrayed as dark, eccentric, and strangely amusing creatures. It doesn’t show that they have that much importance early on, but after finishing the play and comprehending, we see that the witches have done a lot. We can deduce that the â€Å"weird sisters† specifically implant ideas in Macbeth’s head, which later influence him by giving him all types of information that eventually affect his way of handling guilt, and other emotions that put him on the edge of sanity. The witches know that Macbeth will be bad, it is not enounced why, but†¦show more content†¦Macbeth is viewed as inferior and compared to his manly wife. Lastly, King Macbeth s conversation with the three murderers he chose to do the task of getting rid of Banquo and Fleance strongly shows the suggestion of confused gender roles. Macbeth clearly asks them if they are men. All of these examples clearly prove the suggestion of co nfused gender roles that will be seen throughout this play. Again, his naivety towards the witches predictions makes him believe that the throne is truly meant for him, and therefore these horrible imaginings of what he must do, can all be due to the witches influence, and not from the true nature of the Macbeth. Enter Lady Macbeth, whose evil ambition contorts that of her husband forcing him to join her in the evil world she has created for herself. Her efforts are so big that she even begs the spirits to dehumanize her and practically depersonalize her, which makes her seem as a fourth weird sister. However, in the beginning, through Macbeth s openness to his wife in his letter concerning the witches predictions, it is apparent that they once had a friendly relationship. He trusts her, another quality of innocence, and this trust contributes to his downfall. Macbeth s love for Lady Macbeth caused him to feel the need to prove his manhood, which eventually led to his downfall. After he proved he was a man byShow MoreRelatedMacbeth: Witches Influence on Macbeths Decisions1278 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth: Witches Influence on Macbeth s Decisions In the Shakespearean play, Macbeth, the witches influence on how Macbeth made his decisions played a crucial part in contributing to his eventual destruction. The witches were trying to create chaos by prophesying to Macbeth in order to get him to act. They planted the seed of evil in Macbeth s head that grew to dominate his mind. But it was Macbeth who made the choices that determined his fate. He was not forced to kill Duncan nor any of hisRead More Image of Blood in Macbeth Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth was one of Shakespeares most popular tragedies, but was also considered to be the most violent of them all. There were over 100 instances during which blood was spilled, spoken of, or implied throughout the play. Many people wonder why there was so much bloodshed in Macbeth. Was there truly a purpose, or did the writer just want to use bloody images to invoke fear and suspense? Blood did in fact invoke fear and suspense but it also meant much more than that. The symbol of blood is significantRead MoreMacbeth vs Macduff1522 Words   |  7 Pagestheir lives. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the level of importance that Macbeth and Macduff place on factors that affect their lives greatly differentiates the role that they each take on in the play. These factors include their family, their country, and last but not least the importance they place, or fail to place, on themselves. According to the importance that Shakespeare portrays each character to have, Shakespeare succeeds at demonstrating that Macbeth is nothing but an ambitiousRead MoreThe Theme of Macbeth1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare in the beginning of the 17th century, deals with a man#8217;s turn from the king#8217;s most glorious, brave and courageous general into a traitor and murderer influenced by evil forces. In the following I am going to describe the play briefly and explain the theme of it. Furthermore I will discuss Macbeth#8217;s character and his internal conflict. While the general Macbeth and his friend Banquo are returning from a victorious battle, KingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Idea Of Free Will1101 Words   |  5 PagesEthan Farber Mr. O’Connor British Literature 13 December 2015 Macbeth Final Essay In Macbeth the idea of free will is not known for sure, but Shakespeare’s play makes clear that free will is in existence. Macbeth, is controlled by a group of three witches that tell him he needs to become the King. This leads him onto a downward spiral path in his own life, the people around him, and his country. Macbeth convinced himself that what the witches said was true. The meaning of free will is the abilityRead Moreproject on autobiography of river1663 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿\\ home \ Macbeth: Main Characters King Duncan of Scotland Duncan is a mature and effective king who rules Scotland during a time of political upheaval and turmoil. He is too old to command the armies himself and his sons are too young and inexperienced to fight in wars, but he has several great captains under his command, which allows him to remain in power. Those that remain loyal to him do so because they see that his rule is divinely sanctioned. When Macbeth hesitates in his decision toRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivation. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, it shows a story about a fictional tragedy in which a strong scottish general named Macbeth receives news from witches that he will one day become king. The new king of Scotland would be him one day. He created a large amount of confidence and ambition out of this tale, that he comes to his goal by killing the king to take the throne of the now deceased, king Duncan. The power Macbeth obtains corrupts Macbeth and leads to him be ing aRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare: Lady Macbeths Loss of Control1253 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth s desire for power prompts her interest in controlling Macbeth s actions; consequently, when she loses control of Macbeth, she loses control of herself. Lady Macbeth relies on Macbeth to be the brawn so she can be the brain; she has somewhat of a symbiotic relationship with him. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth slowly starts losing the need for and interest in Lady Macbeth. This loss of interest removes Lady Macbeth s access to power and eventuallyRead MoreShakespeare s Macbeth : Importance Of Secondary Characters1374 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth: Importance of Secondary Characters Dramatic literature during the Elizabethan era included the illustrious works of the remarkable William Shakespeare. As Shakespeare composes his theatric spectacles, he brings the characters to life. Shakespeare’s engrossing composition of Macbeth, exhaustively, displays the essentiality of including secondary characters in the play. Macbeth can articulately stage the crucial events in the play due to the minor characters, and their ability to exhibitRead MoreEssay Macbeth Relationship Analysis1185 Words   |  5 Pages MACBETH RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS I found the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth very interesting in the play. In Act I they are completely devoted to each other. Love, respect and trust are the contents of their relationship. The trust in the relationship is revealed right at the beginning when Macbeth sends his wife a letter telling her about the witches and the predictions amp;#8220;This have I thought good to deliver to thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thee mightst not lose

Music on the Bamboo Radio Free Essays

How does Nicholas change and grow During the novel? â€Å"Music on the Bamboo Radio† is a historical fiction novel written by Martin Booth sets in the time of 1941 when the imperial Japanese Army invades Hong Kong. The main character of this novel, Nicholas Holford, a British boy who disguised as a Chinese and survived through the war, but on the way, he faced a lot of challenges and difficulties to his new life which transform Nicholas into a brave and mature young man. Nicholas changes and be more matures in many ways, one of Nicholas’s most obvious change that he demonstrated in this novel, is that he turned to be more independent and started to make his own decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Music on the Bamboo Radio or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was a boy who relies on his parents a lot and rarely needs to make his own decisions. At the start of the novel, Nicholas’ parents were sent away to join and work in the war, which they left Nicholas alone with their servants, Tang, Ah Mee and Ah Kwan. Tang urged for Nicholas and the other servants to leave and hide from the Japanese Soldiers, but Nicholas refuses to leave and insists on waiting for his parents. â€Å"We must wait, when my parents get back. † (Page 4) He does not realize that refusing to leave will bring them into huge danger, he is also not brave and mature enough to make decisions. However, as the novel progressed, Nicholas became much more independent and starts making his own decisions. In Nicholas’ new life, he has to live with a Chinese family and help them to do housework which chores became his daily routine. Unfortunately, Tang was sick from a mosquito bite after selling fish in the market one day, and in order to same Tang’s life, Nicholas and Ah Mee has to risk a trip to Kowloon to take the medicine, Quinine, which is the only way to save Tang’s life. After the tough and difficult journey, they finally took the medicine they need, but on their was back home, Ah Mee becomes too exhausted and tired that she couldn’t walk anymore. The time is ticking away, they must bring the medicine back home as soon as possible to save Tang’s life. â€Å"Nicholas knew there was nothing for it. Tang’s life depend on him now. â€Å" (Page 52) Nicholas ran back home with the Quinine, he decided to leave Ah Mee behind after serious and carful thoughts. â€Å" You’ll be safe here,’ Nicholas declared. ‘ The people will look after you while you sleep. † (Page 52) These show that Nicholas is now able to make good and thoughtful decisions. Unlike before, Nicholas thought carefully rather should or should not run back home and leave Ah Mee here, he is able to consider both sides and determine the importance on each side before making the decision, so he takes out his bravery and made this decision. In the middle of the novel, Major Fox, from the British Army Aid Group have been asked for the helps from Nicholas to deliver a package of a bottle of vaccine and a bar of gold. This bottle of vaccine could save hundred of human lives, and this task could only be done by Nicholas. After thinking deeply, â€Å"When he had been considering going with Tai Lo Fu to destroy the†¦ his voice quite and resolute. â€Å"I’ll deliver it. ’ â€Å" (Page 109/110) Nicholas decided to help deliver the package. This mission is very risky and dangerous for Nicholas, he might get caught by the Japanese soldiers and possibly get killed by them, but Nicholas know that he could not rely on anyone this time, instead, he has to help others in need and make this decision himself. Making this decision also showed that Nicholas became very independent and he is able to make mature decisions. Another major change that Nicholas demonstrated in this novel, is that he protects and helps other in need and became considerate of others. Nicholas grown up in a wealthy family, he has a gardener, cook and servants. (Page 3/4) He doesn’t really need to do chores for himself, regardless the fact that he wouldn’t even need to help and protect others. However, as Nicholas begins his new life, living in a Chinese Family. He starts to take his own responsibilities, and even helping his new family do chores and housework. (Page 26) Nicholas also shows his protection of others when he and Ah Mee went on the trip to get Quinine for Tang. Nicholas and Ah Mee walk past some Japanese soldiers And the prisoners on their way back home, but Ah Mee stumbled and dropped her bundle beside them, this caught the Japanese soldiers attention and they thought Ah Mee was trying to communicate with the prisoners, which caused the soldiers to shout and took out their rifles pointing at them, but Ah Mee was too wear to stand up. Nicholas suddenly thought of an idea, he thought that the Japanese will not understand Cantonese either, so he made up nonsense with Cantonese and imitates the Chinese accent, trying to protect and change the Japanese soldier’s focus. Page 49/50) Although Nicholas did to succeed at the end and was saved by Ah Kwan, he had tried his best to protect Ah Mee in times of danger. Nicholas also became a lot wiser and smarter, and also became much more trustworthy. At the beginning of this novel, Nicholas saw two Japanese soldiers in less than seventy meters from him. â€Å" He wanted to scream, jump up, shout out, it’s alright. It’s only me. Don’t shoot. I’m only eleven. â€Å" (Page 3) Nicholas didn’t realize that doing that will only cause more attention from the Japanese soldiers and caused them to kill him straight away. The right thing he should so, is quietly leave without causing any attention and hide. However, Nicholas changed as he faces more challenges. When Nicholas went on a trip with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he met a few Japanese soldiers walking past him, again, but he reacted wisely. Although he was very afraid and scared, he stayed quiet and still, not causing any attention, (Page 65) This incident showed that Nicholas became much more wise and smart, knowing how to keep himself safe in times of danger and also learning from his mistakes. Before Nicholas went on this trip with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he has to keep a secret first. The purpose of this trip, is for Nicholas to do a huge favor for the East River Column Army, which fight against the Japanese secretly. The army wanted Nicholas to translate a english note from the British for them, but if the Japanese find out about this Army, they will kill all of them immediately. So Nicholas has to keep this great secret and help finish this mission without letting anyone know. â€Å"Nicholas nodded. Any sense of flattery evaporated. (Page 61) As the novel progress and Nicholas went on his mission, we can see that Nicholas kept his promise and the secret only to himself. This showed that Nicholas is not a wise and trustworthy young man. Through this war, Nicholas changed dramatically in many ways, both mentally and physically. He faced many difficulties and tough challenges, but it’s only these challenges that can transform Nicholas into a mature young man. Nichol as also surprised and amazes me because of his significant change and transformation and he also sets a great example for us to learn and experience from. How to cite Music on the Bamboo Radio, Papers

Implications of Human Resource Management †Free Sample

Question - The influence that customers have on business activity has increased in recent years. What HRM implications does this have for workers and managers? Answer - Customers are source of income for most of the many firms. In order to succeed in the complex market, the organization majorly focuses on the customers so that they can survive in the global market. Therefore, in order to develop sustainable success, companies try to satisfy them through their products or services and builds long term benefits in order to maintain their profit level (Victorino and Bolinger, 2012). On the other hand, many companies employ customer relationship management, collects information regarding consumers by data driven marketing process so that better marketing strategy can be build and more effort can be extracted from the sales force (Hyeong Yu Jang, 2012). The business activity of an organization can be largely impacted if the customers are not satisfied with their service or product. As a result, company may suffer loss or they might lose their market shares. Apart from that, many firms therefore, try to build continuous rapport for the customers so that t he customers can be loyal to their product or brand. The growing competition and entries of many small firms can make difficult for the company to hold the customer for longer period of time and serve them (Poddar and Madupalli, 2012). On the other hand, the customer has great influence on the business activity of the firms. Therefore, it makes the company to have a better organizational system so that they can provide better and quality service to consumers. The firms strategize all their activities by making the customers center point. The company can provide training to their employees so that the knowledge and servicing skills can be enhanced (Lynch, 2012). The workers are provided on and off the field training so that consumers behavior can be understood and their requirement can be made accordingly. Apart from that, the managers of the company can have huge pressure to recruit the people that can be capable to deliver superior service to consumers and also increasing the quality of production and product (Finn, 2011). Therefore, it is big task for the companies to design their business activity according to the customer desire and requirements. For instance, the growing concern of the customers towards health y food in recent years has made ALDI to remove the goods that are heavily saturated in terms of fat and containing high percentage of sugar. Therefore, ALDI has ordered their workers to decrease the amount of fat from the production and allowed managers to guide the workers and design the strategies in order to attract the customers (Centre, 2015). In other example relating to Yorkshire Electricity shows in order to provide quality and timely service to their customers adopted different strategy. The company provided training to their workers and build new working practices for educating and training the workers so that Total Quality Performance environment can be formed. On the other hand, the manager of the company formed a research team in order to know the customers perception towards the company so that better customer service can be provided (Summitskills.org.uk, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that today companies gives first preference to the customers in order to survive i n the competitive market. Reference List Centre, I. (2015). Aldi: The German Wal-Mart?| Strategy Case Study - Competitive Strategy Case Study. Ibscdc.org. Finn, A. (2011). Customer Delight: Distinct Construct or Zone of Nonlinear Response to Customer Satisfaction?. Journal Of Service Research, 15(1), 99-110. doi:10.1177/1094670511425698 Hyeong Yu Jang,. (2012). The Effects of Service Qualities on Customer Satisfaction and the Moderating Effects of Customer Involvement and Customer Delight in Sports Center. Jounalofkoreaservicemanagementsociety, 13(1), 107-132. doi:10.15706/jksms.2012.13.1.005 Lynch, W. (2012). Enhance Customer Service With Technology and Collaboration. OPF, 38(11), 20-21. doi:10.5991/opf.2012.38.0070 Poddar, A., and Madupalli, R. (2012). Problematic customers and turnover intentions of customer service employees. Journal Of Services Marketing, 26(7), 551-559. doi:10.1108/08876041211266512 Summitskills.org.uk,. (2015). North East Yorkshire Humber Case Studies. Victorino, L., and Bolinger, A. (2012). Scripting Employees: An Exploratory Analysis of Customer Perceptions. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(3), 196-206. doi:10.1177/1938965512443347

Albanian crises of 97 essays

Albanian crises of 97 essays It is not easy at all to try to understand and define what happened in Albania between end of 96 till summer 97. It is almost impossible to really tell why it happened, whether it was organized if it was, what went wrong and what should have be done to avoid that. One thing is for sure though The State did NOT function. The state didnt function in several aspects and dimensions. The government was not able to prevent the expansion of the pyramid schemes. It also was not able to warn its citizens in due time about the risk that they had taken. On the other side, the citizens themselves were expecting everything from their government. And when things went wrong, the Government was on the spotlight. Everybody blamed the state and forgot they the citizens form an integral part of the state. People didnt understand that by attacking the state and its institutions, they were attacking themselves. Dont ask what the Government can do for you, but what you can do for your Government-. Unfortunately most of the citizens didnt see it this way. There can be several factors that can explain why people reacted that way. History of regimes in Albania. Albania has had very short period that can be considered that they had an independent state and the government that served them, and that is from 1920 till the Italian occupation . For the rest of the time we have either been under occupation, thus not considering the government as Albanian, or under dictatorship so that the government was serving the dictator and not the people. Manipulation of the situation by the opposition. The opposition played a very destructive role by putting narrow political interests above wider national ones. Another notion that did not function was the hierarchy. The army, the police forces and other public officials/servant didnt ...