Flyting - Definition and Examples of Flyting in English

A verbal slanging match: a ritualized form of invective in which insults are exchanged. Its as if a verbal space has been cordoned off, says Ruth Wajnryb. Inside this space a sanctioned kind of swearing can take place . . . where taboos are knowingly and legitimately flouted, providing a linguistic and psychological safety valve for a public letting off of steam (Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language, 2005). Etymology: from the Old English, argue. Examples and Observations: Although the language is often gross, even grotesque and astonishingly scatological, there is also a certain element of play. . . . [Flyting] is the verbal equivalent of virtuoso sword-play. . . .[In the farce] Gammer Gurtons Needle (acted 1566) . . . we find the new idioms of what the devil, how a murrain [plague], go to, Fie shitten knave and out upon thee, the pox, bawdy bitch, that dirty bastard, the whoreson dolt, for Gods sake, thou shitten knave and that dirty shitten lout. The violent altercations between Grandma Gurton and Dame Chat show the closest affiliations to flyting:Gammer​Thou wert as good as kiss my tail,Thou slut, thou cut, thou rakes, thou jakes,[You whore, you jade, you bawd, you shit-house]will not shame make thee hide thee?ChatThou skald, thou bald, thou rotten, thou glutton,[You scold, you hairless thing, you rubbish, you pig]I will no longer chide theeBut I will teach thee to keep home.​(G. Hughes, Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oa ths and Profanity in English. Blackwell, 1991) The Slanging Match in Henry the Fourth Part One Seventeenth-century playwrights regularly provided their audiences with such contests, knowing that they would be well received. There is the well-known exchange in Shakespeares Henry the Fourth Part One (2:iv) between prince Hal and Falstaff. Hal comments on Falstaffs size and weight, calling him: clay braind guts, though knotty-pated fool, thou whoreson, obscene, greasy tallow catch. He also points out that Falstaff is: a bed-presser, a horse-back-breaker, a huge hill of flesh. Falstaff retaliates by remarking on Hals thinness: you starveling, you eel-skin, you dried neats tongue, you bulls pizzle, you stockfish, you tailors yard, you sheath, you bow case, you bile standing tuck.​(Leslie Dunkling, Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address. Routledge, 1990) Playing the Dozens The tradition of ritualized swearing, very much like flyting, continues in a number of places in the modern world. It is perhaps most notable in black American communities, where it is called sounding or signifying or playing the dozens. Variations of this kind of flyting provide social distinctions between in-group and out-group members. But they also act as lyrical cornerstones for much of the anthemic rap (particularly gangsta rap) that defines gang neighbourhoods, including communities of young people from other ethnic backgrounds who admire gang values. . .This style is also called capping and cracking on and is found as well in urban Aboriginal English in Australia.(Ruth Wajnryb, Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language. Free Press, 2005)

Macbeth S Head - 1067 Words

How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? How are the witches portrayed and what influence do they have along the play? In Macbeth, the witches seem to be confusing figures. They are portrayed as dark, eccentric, and strangely amusing creatures. It doesn’t show that they have that much importance early on, but after finishing the play and comprehending, we see that the witches have done a lot. We can deduce that the â€Å"weird sisters† specifically implant ideas in Macbeth’s head, which later influence him by giving him all types of information that eventually affect his way of handling guilt, and other emotions that put him on the edge of sanity. The witches know that Macbeth will be bad, it is not enounced why, but†¦show more content†¦Macbeth is viewed as inferior and compared to his manly wife. Lastly, King Macbeth s conversation with the three murderers he chose to do the task of getting rid of Banquo and Fleance strongly shows the suggestion of confused gender roles. Macbeth clearly asks them if they are men. All of these examples clearly prove the suggestion of co nfused gender roles that will be seen throughout this play. Again, his naivety towards the witches predictions makes him believe that the throne is truly meant for him, and therefore these horrible imaginings of what he must do, can all be due to the witches influence, and not from the true nature of the Macbeth. Enter Lady Macbeth, whose evil ambition contorts that of her husband forcing him to join her in the evil world she has created for herself. Her efforts are so big that she even begs the spirits to dehumanize her and practically depersonalize her, which makes her seem as a fourth weird sister. However, in the beginning, through Macbeth s openness to his wife in his letter concerning the witches predictions, it is apparent that they once had a friendly relationship. He trusts her, another quality of innocence, and this trust contributes to his downfall. Macbeth s love for Lady Macbeth caused him to feel the need to prove his manhood, which eventually led to his downfall. After he proved he was a man byShow MoreRelatedMacbeth: Witches Influence on Macbeths Decisions1278 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth: Witches Influence on Macbeth s Decisions In the Shakespearean play, Macbeth, the witches influence on how Macbeth made his decisions played a crucial part in contributing to his eventual destruction. The witches were trying to create chaos by prophesying to Macbeth in order to get him to act. They planted the seed of evil in Macbeth s head that grew to dominate his mind. But it was Macbeth who made the choices that determined his fate. 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He is too old to command the armies himself and his sons are too young and inexperienced to fight in wars, but he has several great captains under his command, which allows him to remain in power. Those that remain loyal to him do so because they see that his rule is divinely sanctioned. When Macbeth hesitates in his decision toRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivation. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, it shows a story about a fictional tragedy in which a strong scottish general named Macbeth receives news from witches that he will one day become king. The new king of Scotland would be him one day. He created a large amount of confidence and ambition out of this tale, that he comes to his goal by killing the king to take the throne of the now deceased, king Duncan. 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Music on the Bamboo Radio Free Essays

How does Nicholas change and grow During the novel? â€Å"Music on the Bamboo Radio† is a historical fiction novel written by Martin Booth sets in the time of 1941 when the imperial Japanese Army invades Hong Kong. The main character of this novel, Nicholas Holford, a British boy who disguised as a Chinese and survived through the war, but on the way, he faced a lot of challenges and difficulties to his new life which transform Nicholas into a brave and mature young man. Nicholas changes and be more matures in many ways, one of Nicholas’s most obvious change that he demonstrated in this novel, is that he turned to be more independent and started to make his own decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Music on the Bamboo Radio or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was a boy who relies on his parents a lot and rarely needs to make his own decisions. At the start of the novel, Nicholas’ parents were sent away to join and work in the war, which they left Nicholas alone with their servants, Tang, Ah Mee and Ah Kwan. Tang urged for Nicholas and the other servants to leave and hide from the Japanese Soldiers, but Nicholas refuses to leave and insists on waiting for his parents. â€Å"We must wait, when my parents get back. † (Page 4) He does not realize that refusing to leave will bring them into huge danger, he is also not brave and mature enough to make decisions. However, as the novel progressed, Nicholas became much more independent and starts making his own decisions. In Nicholas’ new life, he has to live with a Chinese family and help them to do housework which chores became his daily routine. Unfortunately, Tang was sick from a mosquito bite after selling fish in the market one day, and in order to same Tang’s life, Nicholas and Ah Mee has to risk a trip to Kowloon to take the medicine, Quinine, which is the only way to save Tang’s life. After the tough and difficult journey, they finally took the medicine they need, but on their was back home, Ah Mee becomes too exhausted and tired that she couldn’t walk anymore. The time is ticking away, they must bring the medicine back home as soon as possible to save Tang’s life. â€Å"Nicholas knew there was nothing for it. Tang’s life depend on him now. â€Å" (Page 52) Nicholas ran back home with the Quinine, he decided to leave Ah Mee behind after serious and carful thoughts. â€Å" You’ll be safe here,’ Nicholas declared. ‘ The people will look after you while you sleep. † (Page 52) These show that Nicholas is now able to make good and thoughtful decisions. Unlike before, Nicholas thought carefully rather should or should not run back home and leave Ah Mee here, he is able to consider both sides and determine the importance on each side before making the decision, so he takes out his bravery and made this decision. In the middle of the novel, Major Fox, from the British Army Aid Group have been asked for the helps from Nicholas to deliver a package of a bottle of vaccine and a bar of gold. This bottle of vaccine could save hundred of human lives, and this task could only be done by Nicholas. After thinking deeply, â€Å"When he had been considering going with Tai Lo Fu to destroy the†¦ his voice quite and resolute. â€Å"I’ll deliver it. ’ â€Å" (Page 109/110) Nicholas decided to help deliver the package. This mission is very risky and dangerous for Nicholas, he might get caught by the Japanese soldiers and possibly get killed by them, but Nicholas know that he could not rely on anyone this time, instead, he has to help others in need and make this decision himself. Making this decision also showed that Nicholas became very independent and he is able to make mature decisions. Another major change that Nicholas demonstrated in this novel, is that he protects and helps other in need and became considerate of others. Nicholas grown up in a wealthy family, he has a gardener, cook and servants. (Page 3/4) He doesn’t really need to do chores for himself, regardless the fact that he wouldn’t even need to help and protect others. However, as Nicholas begins his new life, living in a Chinese Family. He starts to take his own responsibilities, and even helping his new family do chores and housework. (Page 26) Nicholas also shows his protection of others when he and Ah Mee went on the trip to get Quinine for Tang. Nicholas and Ah Mee walk past some Japanese soldiers And the prisoners on their way back home, but Ah Mee stumbled and dropped her bundle beside them, this caught the Japanese soldiers attention and they thought Ah Mee was trying to communicate with the prisoners, which caused the soldiers to shout and took out their rifles pointing at them, but Ah Mee was too wear to stand up. Nicholas suddenly thought of an idea, he thought that the Japanese will not understand Cantonese either, so he made up nonsense with Cantonese and imitates the Chinese accent, trying to protect and change the Japanese soldier’s focus. Page 49/50) Although Nicholas did to succeed at the end and was saved by Ah Kwan, he had tried his best to protect Ah Mee in times of danger. Nicholas also became a lot wiser and smarter, and also became much more trustworthy. At the beginning of this novel, Nicholas saw two Japanese soldiers in less than seventy meters from him. â€Å" He wanted to scream, jump up, shout out, it’s alright. It’s only me. Don’t shoot. I’m only eleven. â€Å" (Page 3) Nicholas didn’t realize that doing that will only cause more attention from the Japanese soldiers and caused them to kill him straight away. The right thing he should so, is quietly leave without causing any attention and hide. However, Nicholas changed as he faces more challenges. When Nicholas went on a trip with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he met a few Japanese soldiers walking past him, again, but he reacted wisely. Although he was very afraid and scared, he stayed quiet and still, not causing any attention, (Page 65) This incident showed that Nicholas became much more wise and smart, knowing how to keep himself safe in times of danger and also learning from his mistakes. Before Nicholas went on this trip with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he has to keep a secret first. The purpose of this trip, is for Nicholas to do a huge favor for the East River Column Army, which fight against the Japanese secretly. The army wanted Nicholas to translate a english note from the British for them, but if the Japanese find out about this Army, they will kill all of them immediately. So Nicholas has to keep this great secret and help finish this mission without letting anyone know. â€Å"Nicholas nodded. Any sense of flattery evaporated. (Page 61) As the novel progress and Nicholas went on his mission, we can see that Nicholas kept his promise and the secret only to himself. This showed that Nicholas is not a wise and trustworthy young man. Through this war, Nicholas changed dramatically in many ways, both mentally and physically. He faced many difficulties and tough challenges, but it’s only these challenges that can transform Nicholas into a mature young man. Nichol as also surprised and amazes me because of his significant change and transformation and he also sets a great example for us to learn and experience from. How to cite Music on the Bamboo Radio, Papers

Implications of Human Resource Management †Free Sample

Question - The influence that customers have on business activity has increased in recent years. What HRM implications does this have for workers and managers? Answer - Customers are source of income for most of the many firms. In order to succeed in the complex market, the organization majorly focuses on the customers so that they can survive in the global market. Therefore, in order to develop sustainable success, companies try to satisfy them through their products or services and builds long term benefits in order to maintain their profit level (Victorino and Bolinger, 2012). On the other hand, many companies employ customer relationship management, collects information regarding consumers by data driven marketing process so that better marketing strategy can be build and more effort can be extracted from the sales force (Hyeong Yu Jang, 2012). The business activity of an organization can be largely impacted if the customers are not satisfied with their service or product. As a result, company may suffer loss or they might lose their market shares. Apart from that, many firms therefore, try to build continuous rapport for the customers so that t he customers can be loyal to their product or brand. The growing competition and entries of many small firms can make difficult for the company to hold the customer for longer period of time and serve them (Poddar and Madupalli, 2012). On the other hand, the customer has great influence on the business activity of the firms. Therefore, it makes the company to have a better organizational system so that they can provide better and quality service to consumers. The firms strategize all their activities by making the customers center point. The company can provide training to their employees so that the knowledge and servicing skills can be enhanced (Lynch, 2012). The workers are provided on and off the field training so that consumers behavior can be understood and their requirement can be made accordingly. Apart from that, the managers of the company can have huge pressure to recruit the people that can be capable to deliver superior service to consumers and also increasing the quality of production and product (Finn, 2011). Therefore, it is big task for the companies to design their business activity according to the customer desire and requirements. For instance, the growing concern of the customers towards health y food in recent years has made ALDI to remove the goods that are heavily saturated in terms of fat and containing high percentage of sugar. Therefore, ALDI has ordered their workers to decrease the amount of fat from the production and allowed managers to guide the workers and design the strategies in order to attract the customers (Centre, 2015). In other example relating to Yorkshire Electricity shows in order to provide quality and timely service to their customers adopted different strategy. The company provided training to their workers and build new working practices for educating and training the workers so that Total Quality Performance environment can be formed. On the other hand, the manager of the company formed a research team in order to know the customers perception towards the company so that better customer service can be provided (Summitskills.org.uk, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that today companies gives first preference to the customers in order to survive i n the competitive market. Reference List Centre, I. (2015). Aldi: The German Wal-Mart?| Strategy Case Study - Competitive Strategy Case Study. Ibscdc.org. Finn, A. (2011). Customer Delight: Distinct Construct or Zone of Nonlinear Response to Customer Satisfaction?. Journal Of Service Research, 15(1), 99-110. doi:10.1177/1094670511425698 Hyeong Yu Jang,. (2012). The Effects of Service Qualities on Customer Satisfaction and the Moderating Effects of Customer Involvement and Customer Delight in Sports Center. Jounalofkoreaservicemanagementsociety, 13(1), 107-132. doi:10.15706/jksms.2012.13.1.005 Lynch, W. (2012). Enhance Customer Service With Technology and Collaboration. OPF, 38(11), 20-21. doi:10.5991/opf.2012.38.0070 Poddar, A., and Madupalli, R. (2012). Problematic customers and turnover intentions of customer service employees. Journal Of Services Marketing, 26(7), 551-559. doi:10.1108/08876041211266512 Summitskills.org.uk,. (2015). North East Yorkshire Humber Case Studies. Victorino, L., and Bolinger, A. (2012). Scripting Employees: An Exploratory Analysis of Customer Perceptions. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(3), 196-206. doi:10.1177/1938965512443347